The Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is one of the most iconic and visually striking birds, combining remarkable beauty, adaptability, and cultural significance.
The Indian peafowl is celebrated in Hindu and Greek mythology and is the national bird of India.
Indian peafowl are native to India and Sri Lanka, and naturally occur in Pakistan, Nepal, Assam, Nagaland, Burma, Java, and parts of Southeast Asia.
During the breeding season, the male peafowl (peacock) attracts females by quivering the feathers in a fan-like display.
Peafowl are known for their loud calls, which can indicate the presence of predators such as tigers.
Indian peafowl are ground-dwelling birds that forage in small groups, typically consisting of one male and 3–5 females. They feed on berries, grains, insects, small reptiles, and rodents.
As a Schedule-I species under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, it enjoys the same legal protection as the tiger. Yet, unlike the tiger, whose conservation remains difficult in many areas, peacock numbers have been steadily rising across India.
Open forests, cultivated fields, seasonal water sources, and rocky outcrops provide plenty of food and safe roosting spots. However, in many villages and semi-urban areas, farmers are increasingly worried about crop damage caused by these birds, with paddy fields suffering the most, followed by vegetable and cereal crops.